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Signal termination - RF Cafe Forums
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antenna_ant
Post subject: Signal termination Posted: Tue Nov 15,
2005 8:22 pm
I have a few questions about signal termination-
1) At what frequency is termination required.
2) what effects
would you see if the output signal is not terminated by a 50ohm impedance?
3) If you are measuring the output signal of an op amp at F=6Mhz, how
should I terminate the signal. I am measuring the output on a digital
oscilloscope.
Thank you.
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Kirt Blattenberger
Post subject: Posted: Tue Nov 15, 2005 10:09 pm
Site Admin
Joined: Sun Aug 03, 2003 2:02 pm
Posts: 308
Location:
Erie, PA
Greetings antenna_ant:
In answer to your questions:
1) A properly matched termination is required whenever you want
maximum power transfer from the source to the load - regardless of frequency.
2) If any source does not "see" its complex conjugate impedance,
part of the incident power is reflected back to the load. The result
is standing waves on the transmission line, and less than maximum efficiency.
In worst case conditions, the amplitude of the standing wave(s) can
exceed the voltage breakdown level of the line and/or source driver
and result in a catastrophic failure.
3) A rule of thumb is that
standing waves become a design concern when the transmission path between
the source and load is greater than about 1/10 of a wavelength. The
wavelength of 6 MHz in air is 1,976 inches, and on a typical substrate
or in coax cable would be around 1,100 inches, so 1/10 wavelength would
be about 200 inches and 110 inches, respectively. If the separation
between your source and load is less than those values, then standing
waves are of no real concern. At 6 MHz, you are most likely targeting
a specific voltage or current to a load and not maximum power transfer,
and would choose a load impedance to achieve your goal if the source/load
distance is less than 1/10 wavelength. So, if you are designing a PCB
at 6 MHz, use any load value that gives you the magnitude & I/V
phase relationship that works. If the 6 MHz will be driven down a long
cable, definitely match source & load impedances to minimize reflections,
then impedance transform and amplify at the load as(if) required.
_________________
- Kirt Blattenberger
RF Cafe Progenitor &
Webmaster
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antenna_ant
Post subject: Posted:
Tue Nov 15, 2005 11:57 pm
Kirt, thank you very much.
The reason
I asked is because my phase shifter is not working properly @ 6MHz.
It works fine at in the KHz range. It works 'okay' at 1 or 2MHz.
The ckt is an active all-pass filter. Look at fig. 1 here - http://www.maxim-ic.com.cn/appnotes.cfm
... number/559
R1 is a 10k pot and R is 1k and C is 150pF.
At 6 Mhz and above, the output amplitude is higher than the input.
As I increase the phase difference, both the input and output amplitude
decrease and increase gradually by a small amount.
The op amp
I am using is LM7171 (200MHz).
Input and ouput are terminated
by 50ohm resistors.
Any idea why its acting this way?
Thanks in advance.
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Guest
Post subject:
Termination?Posted: Fri Nov 18, 2005 8:10 pm
It's not the termination
that's causing trouble, but the phase response of the opamp and the
output impedance as a function of frequency.
Have you tried National's
"Webench" simulations on your circuit?
Good LucK!
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attenuator
Post subject: Posted: Tue Dec 20, 2005 8:28
am
Captain
Joined: Mon Sep 26, 2005 7:29 pm
Posts:
13
Your making assumptions of a 50 ohm system. This could be some
of your trouble. As the 1771 has a very Hi input Z and a almost 0 output.
Actually 15 ohms according to the data sheet. All the test data for
the 1771 uses 100 ohm or 1kohm loads. Perhaps you might consider that.
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Dan R
Post subject: Posted: Thu Dec 22, 2005
9:53 am
Also, make sure your oscilloscope probes are high impedance,
so as not to change the load the circuit sees (significantly) when measuring
voltage.
--Dan
Posted
11/12/2012
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